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Henry Morton Stanley
Sir Henry Morton Stanley GCB (born John Rowlands; 28 January 1841 – 10 May 1904) was a Welsh journalist and explorer famous for his exploration of central Africa and his search for missionary and explorer David Livingstone. Upon finding Livingstone, Stanley reportedly asked, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" Stanley is also known for his search for the source of the Nile, his work in and development of the Congo Basin region in association with King Leopold II of the Belgians, and for commanding the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition. He was knighted in 1899.
==Early life==
Henry Stanley was born in 1841 as John Rowlands in Denbigh, Denbighshire, Wales. His mother Elizabeth Parry was18 years old, and she abandoned him as a very young baby and cut off all communication. She had five more children by different men, only the youngest of whom was born in wedlock. Stanley never knew his father, who died within a few weeks of his birth;〔Stanley, Henry M. (ed. Dorothy Stanley) (1909) ''The Autobiography of Henry M. Stanley'', Houghton Mifflin Company, New York〕 there is some doubt as to his true parentage.〔("Henry Morton Stanley" ), ''Dictionary of Welsh Biography''〕 As his parents were unmarried, his birth certificate describes him as a bastard and the stigma of illegitimacy weighed heavily upon him all his life.
The boy John was given his father's surname of Rowlands and brought up by his maternal grandfather Moses Parry, a once-prosperous butcher who was living in reduced circumstances. He cared for the boy until he died, when John was five. Rowlands stayed with families of cousins and nieces for a short time, but he was eventually sent to St Asaph Union Workhouse for the Poor. The overcrowding and lack of supervision resulted in his being frequently abused by older boys. Historian Robert Aldrich suggests that he was raped in 1847 by the headmaster of the workhouse. When John was ten, his mother and two half-siblings stayed for a short while in this workhouse, but he did not recognize them; the master told him who they were. He stayed until the age of 15. After completing an elementary education, he was employed as a pupil teacher in a National School.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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